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| 1602 |
| | | The Dutch East India Company is founded, with a tax-free monopoly of the eastern trade for twenty-one years | |
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| 1619 |
| | | Jan Pieterszoon Coen destroys the town of Jakarta, on the coast of Java, and rebuilds it as a Dutch trading centre under the name Batavia | |
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| 1621 |
| | | The Dutch West India Company is chartered to trade and found colonies anywhere along the entire American coast | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas) | |
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| 1626 |
| | | Peter Minuit purchases the island of Manhattan from local Indians and calls the place New Amsterdam | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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| 1641 |
| | | The Dutch expel the Portuguese from their trading posts in Malacca | |
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| 1642 |
| | | The Dutch explorer Abel Tasman attempts to land in Golden Bay, New Zealand, resulting in a clash with the Maoris | |
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| 1647 |
| | | Peter Stuyvesant begins a 17-year spell as director-general of the Dutch colony of New Netherland in North America | |
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| 1650 |
| | | To protect their market, the Dutch destroy all clove trees in the Moluccas except on two islands, Amboina and Ternate | |
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